TCPP is a liquid, chlorinated phosphate ester. It is one of the most widely used and cost-effective additive flame retardants in the world, particularly for polyurethane foams.

Flame Retardant Mechanism 

TCPP provides a synergistic P-Cl dual-phase action:

1. Gas Phase Action: As a volatile liquid, its primary action is in the gas phase. It releases both phosphorus (PO) and chlorine (Cl) radicals, which scavenge flame-propagating radicals.

2. Condensed Phase Action: The phosphorus component also promotes charring (solid-phase action) on the polymer surface, especially in PU.

3. Plasticizing Effect: As a liquid additive, it also functions as a plasticizer for the PU foam, which can be a benefit or a drawback depending on the desired foam hardness.

Key Application Areas

• Polyurethane (PU) Foam: The workhorse FR for:

•Rigid PU Foam: Used in building insulation boards (PIR/PUR).

•Flexible PU Foam: Used in furniture, bedding, and automotive seating.